Thursday, September 25, 2008

सेंस ९००२२० लुईस जे. Sheehan


Ecuador Goes Animist in a Good Way

Ecuadorian voters are considering bestowing the basic rights widely granted to humans upon natural entities. This means rivers, air, tropical forests, islands, and so on, will have an inalienable right to not be abused or destroyed or treated purely as property। http://Louis-J-Sheehan.de

Ecuador The new law on the table is actually a new constitution–not the kind of thing we generally go in for up here in the states, but so far polls show the Ecuadorians are into it, 56% to 23%. While this might initially sound like the latest in Latin American radicalism, a lawyer from the US, Thomas Linzey, is behind the proposal. He says the upshot will be that it will be possible to sue for damages to an ecosystem if the ecosystem isn’t on your property.

Not only is this non-anthropocentric, which isn’t that new (PETA is non-anthropocentric), it’s non-animal-centric. Actually, non-life-centric.

Image: flickr/pingnews

September 25th, 2008 by Benjamin Nugent in Uncategorized | No Comments »

MacArthur Highlights Day

Two green MacArthur recipients were named yesterday. (A MacArthur Fellowship, or “genius grant,” is $500,000 you can spend however you want, disbursed over the course of five years.) I keep wondering if there will be a news story about a MacArthur Fellow found floating in a pool in The Bellagio, but this never seems to happen, so they must have some kind of vetting process. Will Allen–a pro ball player turned urban farmer–is the obviously green one this year. But I think John Oschendorf counts too.

Falling Masonry He has this group or program or something at MIT devoted to masonry. Old stone stuff. How to keep it around, what you can learn from it about making buildings sustainable. If you understand green architecture as building new, more sustainable dwellings, you’re missing a fundamental point: it’s generally greener to figure out how to modify and preserve old structures. Any young hotshot architect whose powers of invention are focused on making flying buttresses new again deserves as much attention from the green movement as an urban farmer, no matter how amazing Allen’s baby swiss chard may be.

Image: flickr/Phillie Casablanca

September 24th, 2008 Tags: , , , , ,
by Benjamin Nugent in culture | No Comments »

Burying CO2 Might Help Asia Not Destroy Us

As pessimists on climate change are fond of reminding us, China and India are catastrophically prolific builders of coal-fired power plants these days. While we’re busy greening the Emmy Awards, they are quietly doing what they feel they need to do to provide energy for their expanding economies, more than compensating for all of the West’s cute anti-warming efforts by increasing the gadrillions of tons of carbon they release into our shared atmosphere. But new carbon burying tech might help them not be so destructive.

Coal-Fired Power Plant The consulting firm McKinsey & Co has just issued a report saying that even without government funding, the technology for trapping the carbon emitted by coal plants and burying it might pay for itself by 2030. China and India probably won’t throw themselves into the new tech whole-heartedly at first, because it looks like it will add about a billion euros to the initial cost of building each new plant. But the EU has stepped up by ordering a slew of trial models built by 2015.

Of course, there’s the small problem of the rich West having already created a horrendous climate situation. Not the best dynamic for pressuring an ascendant China into good stewardship. We’re basically the parent that just got thrown out of Betty Ford trying to get junior to put down the vodka. I think that might have been what happened in Postcards from the Edge.

Image: flickr/thewritingzone

September 22nd, 2008 Tags: , , , , ,
by Benjamin Nugent in air pollution, climate change, energy, politics, weather | No Comments »

GM Chairman Loses Mind on Colbert; RIP P.E. Clapp

Last night The Colbert Report gave us one of those episodes that pivot in the middle from comedy to that transcendent, swooning, oh-my-god-real-life-is-more-absurd feeling. This took place when GM Chariman Bob Lutz (pictured below) informed Colbert’s fictional persona that 32,000 respected scientists shared his view that climate change is caused by “sunspot activity.”

Bob Lutz If you’re done mourning David Foster Wallace, a literary ally of environmentalism, you might consider getting started on mourning Philip Clapp, who spent his career refuting ridiculousness of the Bob Lutz variety. The United States does not have an environmental lobby the same way it has a tobacco lobby, but Clapp’s National Environmental Trust was the closest thing. As its director, he pressured Clinton, Bush, and even Gore, to take serious action on climate change, advocating in vain for the Kyoto treaty. He later moved to the Pew Charitable Trusts, where he lampooned Bush’s weak, late, concession to some form of American involvement in an international treaty on emissions. Let’s take a moment to remember that environmentalism needs pinstriped Capitol Hill operators with integrity, as well as the rumpled journalists/artists/farmer types.

Image: flickr/Rockershirt

September 18th, 2008 Tags: , , , , ,
by Benjamin Nugent in climate change, culture, politics | 3 Comments »

GOP Attacks Dem Drilling Bill

Everything that happens in congress now is assumed to bear on the crazily tight presidential race। So it makes sense that the House Dems just smashed through a compromise off-shore drilling bill, thus undermining a GOP line of attack. And it makes sense that the GOP lampooned it as a “figment of the imagination” (Rep. Don Young, Republican of Alaska). Louis

Oil rig offshore Also predictable: Bush just vowed to veto it। Harder to predict is whether Senate Republicans will filibuster. They’ve been shouting “Drill baby drill” at conventions. Will they be able to get away with reading from a telephone book on the floor to block a bill that enables oil companies to do just that? http://Louis-J-Sheehan.de

Image: flickr/PhillipC

September 17th, 2008 Tags: , , , , ,
by Benjamin Nugent in climate change, natural resources, ocean life, politics | 2 Comments »

Volt: Jesus, Finally

The first plug-in electric American car, the Chevy Volt, is going on the market in 2010. It doesn’t look like the phallus some gearheads want it to look like (they were into the old car-show model, shown here), and this is causing lamentation in the blogosphere. Pay no attention; this is very good news.

Chevy Volt Basically, the Volt can go 40 miles without using any gasoline, and plugs into any old home socket. It takes a few hours to recharge. Only when you’re taking long trips do you need to use gas; the gas motor kicks in after 40 miles and takes you another 300. It uses less electricity a year than a fridge.

The only problem: It’s not really viable as a mass-market business proposition yet. It’ll probably cost about $40,000, and GM doesn’t expect to make a significant profit, even with that hefty price. So while in my wildest dreams it becomes illegal to make any other kind of family car in 2011, that’s not going to happen without destroying the American economy.

Image: flickr/jurvetson

September 16th, 2008 Tags: , , ,
by Benjamin Nugent in climate change, culture | 1 Comment »

Off-Shore Drilling: Resistance Looks Futile

The Democrats have been gradually retreating from their anti-off-shore-drilling stance ever since polls started to indicate that drilling is a winning issue for the GOP. Now they’re transitioning into all-out surrender. The bipartisan “Gang of 10″ congresspeople pushing for an energy bill that includes off-shore drilling has become the Gang of At Minimum 20. Even Pelosi has said she’ll let the oil companies drill near the southeastern US (far from her own California).

218067555_3fd586f657_m.jpg Pelosi has also been trying to find a way to partially salvage this apparently FUBAR piece of legislation. And she is being appropriately sneaky in her proposed compromise. Which is: in return for the ability to excavate for oil off-shore, oil companies have to contribute billions to the development of non-oil energy sources (wind, solar, etc). That allows America to try to fuel itself insofar as possible, but still forces Big Oil to contribute to its own obsolesence.

And the GOP can’t really oppose that aspect of a bill without looking completely in the pocket of Big Oil. Has that ever stopped them? Not that I know of. But it will at least force them to take the bait and lose face.

Image: flickr/barbwire55

September 14th, 2008 Tags: , , , , ,
by Benjamin Nugent in energy, natural resources, ocean life, politics | No Comments »

Palin Discovers Climate Change

She just denied she ever denied manmade global warming. On ABC News. And got easily schooled by the press after.

Sarah Palin with Vikings I can appreciate the tragedy of her situation. She denied man-made climate change quite explicitly twice. Part of her whole thing is that she’s not a duplicitous Washington type. And she’s an unconventionally-educated woman of the people. So why not stay with the ill-informed thing? But there’s only so far you can go in that direction with the moderate wing of her party, and with independents.

I feel like the Obama campaign’s fate will rest partly on whether they can knock Palin off her pedestal in the coming weeks. This should give them something to work with.

Image: flickr/zieak

September 12th, 2008 Tags: , , ,
by Benjamin Nugent in climate change, politics | 3 Comments »

Reclaiming the Segway from Toolness

I should admit here I have not been a Segway believer. Ever since I saw Will Arnett straddle one on Arrested Development I have not been able to understand any possible use of the machine other than comic prop. I realize now that this was slightly unfair.

Segway Polo A British MP just defied possible arrest to lead a charge of Segwayists through London, trying to get the Department of Transportation in England to clarify whether they’re legal to drive on roads or not. He points out that in a dense urban area, they go faster than the average speed cars are able to move in traffic, and emit virtually nothing.

I guess my confusion is still this: They go 12 mph. Doesn’t a bicycle go that fast? But I guess if you don’t want to get your suit sweaty… I forget that people still go to offices in suits.

Image: flickr/RobotSkirts

September 10th, 2008 Tags: , , ,
by Benjamin Nugent in air pollution, climate change, culture, politics | 1 Comment »

New iPod Nano Cleaner, But Still a New iPod

Steve Jobs emphasized in a presentation today that the new iPod Nano is the “cleanest” ever; it contains lower levels of arsenic and other toxic substances, and it’s composed of “easily recyclable” materials.

Greenpeace Apple poster This is nice, and represents part of Apple’s response to Greenpeace’s longstanding complaints against its mediocre enviro record. (This is one of their anti-Apple posters). But it does raise a couple questions: first of all, isn’t the most impactful thing about iPods that they keep coming out with new models? So that you don’t hold on to your expensive piece of electronics for more than a year?

Second, containing “easily recyclable materials” isn’t the same as “recyclable।” I don’t know about the recycling chart in your city, but in mine, chrome things don’t appear to go into the blue bin. Somewhere at MIT, consciencious students may be disassembling iPods before they throw them out, dividing their components into tiny recyclable and non-recyclable piles. But I bet most of those easily recyclable materials aren’t getting recycled. Unless they’re being passed on to parents, homeless people, etc when a new model comes out. http://Louis-J-Sheehan.de

Image: Greenpeace

Friday, September 19, 2008

http://louis-j-sheehan.info

Our sun, which lies 26,000 light years from the center of the the Milky Way, may have been born in a different part of the galaxy and later migrated to its current position, about halfway towards the galaxy’s outer edge. A new study defies the conventional wisdom that stars spend their entire lifespans in the same galactic region, and calls into question astronomers’ theory that galaxies have certain fixed “habitable zones” where life is more likely to evolve.

“Our view of the extent of the habitable zone is based in part on the idea that certain chemical elements necessary for life are available in some parts of a galaxy’s disk but not others,” said [lead researcher] Rok Roskar…. “If stars migrate, then that zone can’t be a stationary place” [Astrobiology Magazine].

Astronomers simulated the formation of the Milky Way starting 10 billion years ago, when gas and dark matter from the Big Bang (about 4 billion years before) had begun to condense. By about nine billion years ago, the material for the galactic disk had mostly come together, but the actual disk formation hadn’t started. Scientists simulated the formation and evolution of the galaxy from that point [Scientific American]. As the simulated galaxy evolved on its own, researchers saw that the orbit of some stars around the galactic center changed drastically.

The migrations were a result of individual stars’ interactions with the bulk of the galaxy’s spiral arms. A star trailing close behind a spiral arm will feel an extra pull from the arm’s intense gravity. This will boost the speed of the star, sending it into orbit farther from the galactic centre. Conversely, a star moving in front of an armful of stars will get dragged backwards, prompting it to slow and move closer to the centre of the galaxy [New Scientist].

The study, published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters [subscription required], suggests that as many of 50 percent of stars near our Sun could have originated elsewhere. Migrating stars also help explain a long-standing problem in the chemical mix of stars in the neighborhood of our solar system, which has long been known to be more mixed and diluted than would be expected if stars spent their entire lives where they were born. By bringing in stars from very different starting locations, the sun’s neighborhood has become a more diverse and interesting place, the researcher सैद।

dwarf

The last remnants of a dwarf galaxy circle the spiral galaxy that tore it apart. Two rivers of stars—and possibly dark matter—are all that remain of the low-mass dwarf after it was unraveled by the gravity of the much larger spiral, NGC 5907. http://louis8j8sheehan8esquire.wordpress.com

Astronomers have noted that such streams of stars are relatively common in the outer regions of spiral galaxies, a phenomenon that has been observed on the outskirts of the Milky Way as well as around the nearby Andromeda galaxy. This image, taken by accomplished astrophotographer R. Jay Gabany in collaboration with David Martinez-Delgado from the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) and his international team, shows for the first time in intricate detail the aftermath of a large galaxy destroying and consuming its dwarf neighbor.

Wednesday, September 3, 2008

augustine

St. Augustine, a bishop and doctor of the early Christian Church was an important figure in the history of Christianity. He wrote about topics like predestination and original sin. Some of his doctrines separate Western and Eastern Christianity. St. Augustine was born on 13 November 354 at Tagaste in North Africa and died in 28 August 430, at Hippo where the Vandals were attacking the city.

Tuesday, September 2, 2008

braincase

A genetic loss approximately 2.4 million years ago may have made cranial room for the bigger brains that characterize our direct evolutionary predecessors. That proposal comes from researchers who have discovered a DNA deletion that occurs in people but not in other primates.

In what started out as a search for genes linked to muscular dystrophy, a team led by surgeon Hansell H. Stedman of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in Philadelphia found that only people possess an inactivated version of a gene involved in facial-muscle movements. As a result, the gene fails to produce a variant of the protein, called myosin, that powers muscles used in biting and chewing, the scientists report in the March 25 Nature.

This genetic mutation explains much about why "we're the odd men out among primates regarding head shape," Stedman says. As a person grows, he argues, genetically constrained chewing muscles lead to relatively small jaws, thus permitting the deposition of additional cranial bone to encase a large brain.

After examining a segment of the particular myosin gene in people, chimpanzees, orangutans, macaque monkeys, and dogs, the researchers estimated that the gene-inactivating mutation occurred between 2.7 and 2.1 million years ago. To make this calculation, the researchers assumed, on the basis of prior molecular evidence, that the last common ancestor of people and chimps lived 7 million to

6 million years ago.

"Massive muscles of mastication that were present before this myosin-gene mutation occurred could have been constraining brain size by limiting the expansion of [cranial] plates in the developing skull," says University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine anatomist Nancy Minugh-Purvis, a coauthor of the new study.

The myosin-gene mutation appeared uniformly in DNA samples obtained by the investigators from people living in Africa, South America, Western Europe, Iceland, Japan, and Russia. The corresponding myosin gene in chimps, gorillas, orangutans, and macaques was intact and active.

The researchers determined that, in macaques, the protein made by this myosin gene appeared only in head muscles primarily used for chewing and biting.

In both macaques and people, myosin-gene products appeared only in a class of muscle fibers known as fast-twitch fibers. Mastication muscles contain mostly fast-twitch fibers, with a smaller proportion of slow-twitch fibers, Stedman says.

Other scientists welcome evidence of the mutated myosin gene but doubt that the mutation is linked to brain expansion in our ancient ancestors.

"[Stedman's team] used good genetic data to create an implausible evolutionary story," remarks developmental biologist Melanie McCollum of Mercer University School of Medicine in Macon, Ga. It's more likely that the inactivating myosin mutation became common as our ancestors began to eat primarily soft foods, McCollum proposes.http://louis-j-sheehan.biz

Since brain growth proceeds independently of jaw and tooth development in people today, "there's no reason to assume that the evolution of smaller mastication muscles had any effect on braincase size," McCollum holds.

Harvard University anthropologist Daniel Lieberman agrees, noting that brain growth follows a similarly autonomous path in chimps and gorillas.http://louis-j-sheehan.biz

Anthropologist C. Owen Lovejoy of Kent (Ohio) State University adds another objection. Drawing on the most recent fossil evidence, he says that chimps and humans began diverging between 9 million and 8 million years ago. If so, he says, Stedman's estimated timing of the mutation at 2.4 million years ago is much too recent.